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27
Urban
Scale Weather Modeling
NCAS and CD-adapco Partnership
Fred
Mendonca, CD-adapco
Just
before his retirement in April 2006, NCAS director of weather research,
Professor Paul Mason, and CD-adapco's President, Steve MacDonald,
agreed exclusive Partnership terms, which will lead to an urban
scale weather modeling code. The prediction methodology, using the
UK Met Office's operational Universal Modeling code to drive localized
STAR-CD models at building and street-level scales, is aimed eventually
at 5-day forecasting of urban air quality, dispersion and heat transfer.
Fig1:
Ariel photograph of Marylebone in London (Google Earth image)
Fig2:
Polyhedral mesh at ground level
A detailed assessment of
three major commercial CFD codes has led to indications that proper
use of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) capabilities leads to essentially
identical results from all three codes and is a feasible approach.
NCAS teams, initially at the Universities of Southampton and Reading
led by Professors Ian Castro and Stephen Belcher, respectively,
will concentrate in the next phases on further exploitation of CD-adapco’s
advanced modeling techniques, centered around the recently released
STAR-CD version 4.0.
Professor
Castro, who with Dr Zhengtong Xie led the evaluation of commercial
software at Southampton notes, "Partly for technical reasons
but also because they have been the most engaged in the collaboration,
CD-adapco has been identified as the vendor most appropriate for
NCAS's needs". Then referring to CD-adapco's own ParaSolids
based geometry modeler and CAD integrated product, he adds that,
"STAR-Design is very user-friendly for complex geometries,
generating polyhedral meshes which we consider essential for general
urban topologies". Professor Belcher said, "There is a
growing need to be able to simulate flows in urban areas for applications
ranging from pedestrian comfort and wind loading of buildings to
dispersion of traffic pollutants and terrorist releases. This new
partnership promises the tools we need to tackle these issues."
Fred Mendonça, CD-adapco’s director of Vertical Applications
and Expert Systems adds, "We are particularly pleased with
NCAS's decision and look forward to productive collaborations. Urban
Weather Modeling continues to be an area of keen interest to many
research groups, environmental agencies and building services organizations
worldwide; our commitment to this partnership confirmsour serious
intentions towards environmental flow predictions".
Dr
Xie has produced a set of demonstration predictions using STAR-CD
v4.0. Results to date point clearly at the viability of LES with
polyhedra for building applications, validated against experimental
measurements and the University’s own DNS code, used by Dr Glyn
Thomas (its originator) and Dr Omduth Coceal (at Reading) to produce
genuine DNS data for similar situations. The first predictions were
performed on laboratory models comprising simple box-shaped buildings.
Results pointed clearly to the viability of polyhedral meshes for
building environmental flows. CD-adapco software has now been applied
to more complicated models – for example London’s Marylebone
district - see the Google Earth image and a view of the polyhedral
mesh at ground level in Figure 2. Mean flow and turbulence statistics,
agree well with wind tunnel data obtained using a 1:200 scale model
of the region shown in Figure 2.
In the next phases of the
work, NCAS teams at the Universities of Southampton and Reading
will concentrate on exploiting CD-adapco’s modeling tools, centered
around the recently released STAR-CD version 4.0, linking it with
the UK Met Office’s codes and exploring the issues that arise in
scalar (pollutant) dispersion and heat transfer effects. Licensing
arrangements between CD-adapco and NCAS – free for all approved
NCAS PI’s working on urban meteorology under the Weather Directorate
– were finally approved by all parties in August 2006. Further
information is available from Professor Ian Castro at the University
of Southampton.
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